Valeriia Kuka

Token 1.22: Data Privacy in LLM systems

LLM data privacy risks explained: training data leakage, anonymization techniques, differential privacy, federated learning, and GDPR requirements.

Token 1.9: Open-Source vs Closed-Source AI Models: Which is the Better Choice for Your Business?

Open-source vs closed-source LLMs: key differences in cost, customization, data privacy, and compliance. Deep dive with practical tips for your business.

Z.ai, Formerly Zhipu AI: The Rise of an AI Tiger Reaching for AGI

How Z.ai, formerly Zhipu AI, grew from a Tsinghua University project to a $3B generative AI unicorn – the story behind GLM, ChatGLM, and China's path to AGI.

Scale AI Company: What It Does, Why Meta Invested $14B, and How Alexandr Wang Built an AI Data Empire

Scale AI builds the data layer behind AI models. Learn how it grew from a YC startup to a $29B company with Pentagon contracts and Meta's $14.3B stake.

Token 1.7: What Are Chain-of-Verification, Chain of Density, and Self-Refine?

Three LLM prompting techniques: Chain-of-Verification reduces hallucinations, Chain of Density compresses summaries, Self-Refine iterates on outputs.

What Is JEPA? LeCun Architecture & World Models

JEPA is Yann LeCun's framework for world modeling: predicts abstract representations, not pixels. Covers I-JEPA, V-JEPA, VL-JEPA, LeJEPA, and physical AI.

Best Open-Source Vector Databases for LLMs in 2026

The best open-source vector databases for RAG and LLM apps in 2026: Milvus, Qdrant, Weaviate, Chroma, Faiss, pgvector, and more, compared by use case.

The Story of AI Winters and What it Teaches Us Today (History of LLMs. Bonus)

In the long run, AI was possible and promising, but its wave had yet to rise

CoreWeave: The Underdog Powering Generative AI's Explosion

How their niche focus, tech stack, and partnerships disrupt the market

10 Best AI Ethics Books to Read in 2026

Top AI ethics books by Kate Crawford, Mark Coeckelbergh & Margaret Boden. Covers AI philosophy, data colonialism, design justice & algorithmic power.

What is LongRAG framework?

LongRAG uses 4K-token retrieval units instead of 100-word chunks, reducing corpus size 30×. How LongRAG architecture works and how it compares to standard RAG.

xAI: The game of catching up

AI is Elon Musk's AI company, makers of Grok. Founded 2023, valued at $50B+. Full deep-dive: how Grok was built, xAI vs OpenAI, funding, team, and Muskonomy strategy.

What is KAN?

KAN (Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks) replaces fixed activation functions with learnable splines. How KAN works, how it compares to MLP, and where it falls short.

20+ Large Language Models (LLMs) for Finance

25+ Medical Large Language Models (LLMs)

A curated list of 25+ medical LLMs — BioBERT, Med-PaLM, MEDITRON, BioMistral and more. Grouped by architecture, with links to papers and code.

Cerebras: an Engineering Marvel to Rival NVIDIA

or bigness for bigness’s sake?

10 Free Books to Master Machine Learning for Every Level

Explore foundational concepts, advanced techniques, and practical guides

What is Graph RAG approach?

GraphRAG uses knowledge graphs instead of vector chunks to give LLMs richer, connected context. How it works, key advantages over RAG, and use cases.

Multimodal Foundation Models: 2024's Surveys to Understand the Future of AI

Gain insights into model architectures, training strategies, and real-world applications

What is Mamba?

Mamba is a selective SSM that processes sequences in linear time — no attention needed. How it works, how it compares to Transformers, and why it matters.

A List of Time Series Foundation Models

A curated list of time series foundation models — TimeGPT, TimesFM, Moirai, Chronos, Lag-Llama and more — with papers, GitHub links, and key benchmarks

What is Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)?

Mixture of Experts (MoE) explained: the 1991 Jacobs & Hinton paper, sparsely-gated MoE, and how Mistral, GPT-4, and others use it today.

Ilya Sutskever's Secret Reading List: 30 Papers Every AI Engineer Should Know

Ilya Sutskever gave John Carmack 30 AI papers and said: learn all of these and you know 90% of what matters. Full list with short summaries of each paper.

Get Started with RAG: A Comprehensive Guide with Webinars & Workshops

Master Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) for Your AI Projects

Moonshot AI: The Chinese Unicorn Revolutionizing Long-Context AI

Moonshot AI, the Chinese unicorn behind Kimi Chat and Kimi K2: founders, long-context architecture, funding, and the three-layer AGI framework.